The carbon capture research area investigates the application of innovative CO2 capture technologies to the power and to the industry sectors (i.e., cement, steel, oil refinery). Most of the activities in the field focuses on the optimal integration within existing plants supported by specifically developed numerical models. Experimental activities related to the assessment of thermophysical properties of CO2 based mixtures are carried out at LEAP laboratory.
The GECOS group formulated the Specific Primary Energy Consumption per CO2 Avoided (SPECCA) coefficient which is widely adopted in the CCS sector to consistently compare different technologies.
Power sector
The power sector contributes for around 30% of the global CO2 emissions. Several technologies can contribute to mitigate the carbon intensity of the power sector. Innovative technologies are investigated to reduce the energy penalty as well as the additional costs related to the CO2 capture process. Examples of process investigated are:
Sorption Enhanced Water Gas Shift Membrane separation
Calcium-looping High temperature fuel cells
Sorption Enhanced reforming Mixed-Salt Technology
Chemical Looping Combustion Low Temperature Sorbents
Industrial sector
Some industrial sectors are significant CO2 emitters which can contribute to some percent of the global CO2 emissions. Innovative process design integrating CO2 capture technologies are investigated to minimise the impact on the final product costs. Industrial sectors currently investigated are:
Cement
Integrated steel mills
Oil refineries and Steam Methane Reformers
Waste-to-Energy plants
Pulp and paper plants
Process optimisation
A strategy for reducing the CO2 emissions is the separation of CO2 from energy intensive processes and utilise it for chemical production. This concept relies on the wide diffusion of renewable non-dispatchable electricity generation which can be converted in hydrogen at limited costs. The hydrogen and CO2 reacts to produce chemicals as methanol. GECOS contributes to optimise the entire process from energetic and economic point of view.
CO2 purification and compression
CO2 compression is one of the most energy intensive steps in the separation process. The energy consumption depends also on the CO2 purity and amount/type of contaminants. At LEAP laboratory an experimental activity regarding two-phase equilibrium and thermodynamic properties of CO2 rich mixtures is carried out.
For further information on carbon capture technologies, contact Prof. Matteo Romano at matteo.romano@polimi.it
Recent publications
2019 |
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De Lena, Edoardo ; Spinelli, Maurizio; Gatti, Manuele; Scaccabarozzi, Roberto; Campanari, Stefano; Consonni, Stefano; Cinti, Giovanni; Romano, Matteo C Techno-economic analysis of calcium looping processes for low CO2 emission cement plants Journal Article International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 82 , pp. 244–260, 2019. @article{DeLena2019,
title = {Techno-economic analysis of calcium looping processes for low CO2 emission cement plants}, author = {Edoardo {De Lena} and Maurizio Spinelli and Manuele Gatti and Roberto Scaccabarozzi and Stefano Campanari and Stefano Consonni and Giovanni Cinti and Matteo C Romano}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2019.01.005}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijggc.2019.01.005}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control}, volume = {82}, pages = {244–260}, publisher = {Elsevier}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
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Gardarsdottir, Stefania Osk; De Lena, Edoardo ; Romano, Matteo; Roussanaly, Simon; Voldsund, Mari; Pérez-Calvo, José-Francisco; Berstad, David; Fu, Chao; Anantharaman, Rahul; Sutter, Daniel; Gazzani, Matteo; Mazzotti, Marco; Cinti, Giovanni Comparison of Technologies for CO2 Capture from Cement Production—Part 2: Cost Analysis Journal Article Energies, 12 (3), pp. 542, 2019, ISSN: 1996-1073. @article{Gardarsdottir2019,
title = {Comparison of Technologies for CO2 Capture from Cement Production—Part 2: Cost Analysis}, author = {Stefania Osk Gardarsdottir and Edoardo {De Lena} and Matteo Romano and Simon Roussanaly and Mari Voldsund and José-Francisco Pérez-Calvo and David Berstad and Chao Fu and Rahul Anantharaman and Daniel Sutter and Matteo Gazzani and Marco Mazzotti and Giovanni Cinti}, url = {http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/3/542}, doi = {10.3390/en12030542}, issn = {1996-1073}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Energies}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, pages = {542}, abstract = {This paper presents an assessment of the cost performance of CO2 capture technologies when retrofitted to a cement plant: MEA-based absorption, oxyfuel, chilled ammonia-based absorption (Chilled Ammonia Process), membrane-assisted CO2 liquefaction, and calcium looping. While the technical basis for this study is presented in Part 1 of this paper series, this work presents a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of these CO2 capture technologies based on a capital and operating costs evaluation for retrofit in a cement plant. The cost of the cement plant product, clinker, is shown to increase with 49 to 92% compared to the cost of clinker without capture. The cost of CO2 avoided is between 42 €/tCO2 (for the oxyfuel-based capture process) and 84 €/tCO2 (for the membrane-based assisted liquefaction capture process), while the reference MEA-based absorption capture technology has a cost of 80 €/tCO2. Notably, the cost figures depend strongly on factors such as steam source, electricity mix, electricity price, fuel price and plant-specific characteristics. Hence, this confirms the conclusion of the technical evaluation in Part 1 that for final selection of CO2 capture technology at a specific plant, a plant-specific techno-economic evaluation should be performed, also considering more practical considerations.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This paper presents an assessment of the cost performance of CO2 capture technologies when retrofitted to a cement plant: MEA-based absorption, oxyfuel, chilled ammonia-based absorption (Chilled Ammonia Process), membrane-assisted CO2 liquefaction, and calcium looping. While the technical basis for this study is presented in Part 1 of this paper series, this work presents a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of these CO2 capture technologies based on a capital and operating costs evaluation for retrofit in a cement plant. The cost of the cement plant product, clinker, is shown to increase with 49 to 92% compared to the cost of clinker without capture. The cost of CO2 avoided is between 42 €/tCO2 (for the oxyfuel-based capture process) and 84 €/tCO2 (for the membrane-based assisted liquefaction capture process), while the reference MEA-based absorption capture technology has a cost of 80 €/tCO2. Notably, the cost figures depend strongly on factors such as steam source, electricity mix, electricity price, fuel price and plant-specific characteristics. Hence, this confirms the conclusion of the technical evaluation in Part 1 that for final selection of CO2 capture technology at a specific plant, a plant-specific techno-economic evaluation should be performed, also considering more practical considerations.
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Voldsund, Mari; Gardarsdottir, Stefania Osk; De Lena, Edoardo ; Pérez-Calvo, José-Francisco; Jamali, Armin; Berstad, David; Fu, Chao; Romano, Matteo C; Roussanaly, Simon; Anantharaman, Rahul; Hoppe, Helmut; Sutter, Daniel; Mazzotti, Marco; Gazzani, Matteo; Cinti, Giovanni; Jordal, Kristin Comparison of Technologies for CO2 Capture from Cement Production—Part 1: Technical Evaluation Journal Article Energies, 12 (3), pp. 559, 2019. @article{Voldsund2019,
title = {Comparison of Technologies for CO2 Capture from Cement Production—Part 1: Technical Evaluation}, author = {Mari Voldsund and Stefania Osk Gardarsdottir and Edoardo {De Lena} and José-Francisco Pérez-Calvo and Armin Jamali and David Berstad and Chao Fu and Matteo C Romano and Simon Roussanaly and Rahul Anantharaman and Helmut Hoppe and Daniel Sutter and Marco Mazzotti and Matteo Gazzani and Giovanni Cinti and Kristin Jordal}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/3/559}, doi = {doi.org/10.3390/en12030559}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Energies}, volume = {12}, number = {3}, pages = {559}, abstract = {A technical evaluation of CO2 capture technologies when retrofitted to a cement plant is performed. The investigated technologies are the oxyfuel process, the chilled ammonia process, membrane-assisted CO2 liquefaction, and the calcium looping process with tail-end and integrated configurations. For comparison, absorption with monoethanolamine (MEA) is used as reference technology. The focus of the evaluation is on emission abatement, energy performance,and retrofitability. All the investigated technologies perform better than the reference both in terms of emission abatement and energy consumption. The equivalent CO2 avoided are 73–90%,while it is 64% for MEA, considering the average EU-28 electricity mix. The specific primary energy consumption for CO2 avoided is 1.63–4.07 MJ/kg CO2, compared to 7.08 MJ/kg CO2for MEA.The calcium looping technologies have the highest emission abatement potential, while the oxyfuel process has the best energy performance. When it comes to retrofitability, the post-combustion technologies show significant advantages compared to the oxyfuel and to the integrated calciumlooping technologies. Furthermore, the performance of the individual technologies shows strong dependencies on site-specific and plant-specific factors. Therefore, rather than identifying one single best technology, it is emphasized that CO2 capture in the cement industry should be performed with a portfolio of capture technologies, where the preferred choice for each specific plant depends on local factors.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A technical evaluation of CO2 capture technologies when retrofitted to a cement plant is performed. The investigated technologies are the oxyfuel process, the chilled ammonia process, membrane-assisted CO2 liquefaction, and the calcium looping process with tail-end and integrated configurations. For comparison, absorption with monoethanolamine (MEA) is used as reference technology. The focus of the evaluation is on emission abatement, energy performance,and retrofitability. All the investigated technologies perform better than the reference both in terms of emission abatement and energy consumption. The equivalent CO2 avoided are 73–90%,while it is 64% for MEA, considering the average EU-28 electricity mix. The specific primary energy consumption for CO2 avoided is 1.63–4.07 MJ/kg CO2, compared to 7.08 MJ/kg CO2for MEA.The calcium looping technologies have the highest emission abatement potential, while the oxyfuel process has the best energy performance. When it comes to retrofitability, the post-combustion technologies show significant advantages compared to the oxyfuel and to the integrated calciumlooping technologies. Furthermore, the performance of the individual technologies shows strong dependencies on site-specific and plant-specific factors. Therefore, rather than identifying one single best technology, it is emphasized that CO2 capture in the cement industry should be performed with a portfolio of capture technologies, where the preferred choice for each specific plant depends on local factors.
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Martínez, I; Martini, M; Riva, L; Gallucci, F; Van Sint Annaland, M; Romano, M C Techno-economic analysis of a natural gas combined cycle integrated with a Ca-Cu looping process for low CO2 emission power production Journal Article International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 81 (July 2018), pp. 216–239, 2019, ISSN: 17505836. @article{Martinez2019,
title = {Techno-economic analysis of a natural gas combined cycle integrated with a Ca-Cu looping process for low CO2 emission power production}, author = {I Martínez and M Martini and L Riva and F Gallucci and M {Van Sint Annaland} and M C Romano}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.12.026}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.12.026}, issn = {17505836}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control}, volume = {81}, number = {July 2018}, pages = {216–239}, publisher = {Elsevier}, abstract = {A techno-economic analysis of a natural gas combined cycle integrated with a pre-combustion CO2 capture process based on the Ca-Cu process has been carried out. An extensive calculation of the balances of the entire power plant has been done, including the results obtained from a 1-D pseudo homogeneous model for the fixed bed reactors that compose the Ca-Cu process. Moreover, a methodology developed by the authors is here presented for calculating the cost of the electricity produced and of the CO2 avoided. This methodology has been used to perform the economic analysis of the Ca-Cu based power plant and to optimize the size of the Ca-Cu reactors and the pressure drop in critical heat exchangers. An electricity cost of 82.6 €/MWh has been obtained for the Ca-Cu based power plant, which is 2.2 €/MWh below the benchmark power plant based on an Auto Thermal Reformer with an MDEA absorption process for CO2 capture. The improved performance of the Ca-Cu based power plant in terms of electric efficiency and reduced capital cost expenditure is the reason for the reduced electricity costs. Moreover, a lower cost of CO2 avoided is also obtained for the Ca-Cu plant with respect to the benchmark (80.75 €/tCO2 vs. 85.38 €/tCO2), which features 89% of CO2 capture efficiency.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A techno-economic analysis of a natural gas combined cycle integrated with a pre-combustion CO2 capture process based on the Ca-Cu process has been carried out. An extensive calculation of the balances of the entire power plant has been done, including the results obtained from a 1-D pseudo homogeneous model for the fixed bed reactors that compose the Ca-Cu process. Moreover, a methodology developed by the authors is here presented for calculating the cost of the electricity produced and of the CO2 avoided. This methodology has been used to perform the economic analysis of the Ca-Cu based power plant and to optimize the size of the Ca-Cu reactors and the pressure drop in critical heat exchangers. An electricity cost of 82.6 €/MWh has been obtained for the Ca-Cu based power plant, which is 2.2 €/MWh below the benchmark power plant based on an Auto Thermal Reformer with an MDEA absorption process for CO2 capture. The improved performance of the Ca-Cu based power plant in terms of electric efficiency and reduced capital cost expenditure is the reason for the reduced electricity costs. Moreover, a lower cost of CO2 avoided is also obtained for the Ca-Cu plant with respect to the benchmark (80.75 €/tCO2 vs. 85.38 €/tCO2), which features 89% of CO2 capture efficiency.
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2018 |
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Martínez, I; Fernández, J R; Abanades, J C; Romano, M C Integration of a fluidised bed Ca–Cu chemical looping process in a steel mill Journal Article Energy, 163 , pp. 570–584, 2018, ISSN: 03605442. @article{Martinez2018,
title = {Integration of a fluidised bed Ca–Cu chemical looping process in a steel mill}, author = {I Martínez and J R Fernández and J C Abanades and M C Romano}, doi = {10.1016/j.energy.2018.08.123}, issn = {03605442}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Energy}, volume = {163}, pages = {570–584}, abstract = {An integrated full system to decarbonise a steelworks plant is discussed, using high temperature Ca–Cu chemical looping reactions. A H2-enriched gas is produced through sorption enhanced water-gas-shift (SEWGS) of blast furnace gas (BFG) using a CaO-based CO2 sorbent. The resulting CaCO3 is regenerated with heat from CuO reduction with N2-free steel mill off-gases. The high temperature operation allows for an effective integration of a power steam cycle that replaces the steel mill power plant. The proposed fluidised-bed process facilitates a solids segregation step to separate the O2 solid carrier from the CO2 sorbent. The CaO-rich stream separated could be used in the steelmaking process thereby removing the lime plant. Balances of a steel mill integrated with the Ca–Cu process are solved and compared with those obtained for a reference steelworks plant with post-combustion CO2 capture through amine absorption. Using exclusively steel mill off-gases in the Ca–Cu process can reduce CO2 emissions by 30%. Moreover, the H2-gas could produce about 10% of additional iron through a Direct Reduced Iron process. In contrast, by adding natural gas for CuO reduction, almost all the BFG can be decarbonised and an overall CO2 capture efficiency in the steel plant of 92% can be achieved.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } An integrated full system to decarbonise a steelworks plant is discussed, using high temperature Ca–Cu chemical looping reactions. A H2-enriched gas is produced through sorption enhanced water-gas-shift (SEWGS) of blast furnace gas (BFG) using a CaO-based CO2 sorbent. The resulting CaCO3 is regenerated with heat from CuO reduction with N2-free steel mill off-gases. The high temperature operation allows for an effective integration of a power steam cycle that replaces the steel mill power plant. The proposed fluidised-bed process facilitates a solids segregation step to separate the O2 solid carrier from the CO2 sorbent. The CaO-rich stream separated could be used in the steelmaking process thereby removing the lime plant. Balances of a steel mill integrated with the Ca–Cu process are solved and compared with those obtained for a reference steelworks plant with post-combustion CO2 capture through amine absorption. Using exclusively steel mill off-gases in the Ca–Cu process can reduce CO2 emissions by 30%. Moreover, the H2-gas could produce about 10% of additional iron through a Direct Reduced Iron process. In contrast, by adding natural gas for CuO reduction, almost all the BFG can be decarbonised and an overall CO2 capture efficiency in the steel plant of 92% can be achieved.
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Spinelli, Maurizio; Martínez, Isabel; Romano, Matteo C One-dimensional model of entrained-flow carbonator for CO2capture in cement kilns by Calcium looping process Journal Article Chemical Engineering Science, 191 , pp. 100–114, 2018, ISSN: 00092509. @article{Spinelli2018,
title = {One-dimensional model of entrained-flow carbonator for CO2capture in cement kilns by Calcium looping process}, author = {Maurizio Spinelli and Isabel Martínez and Matteo C Romano}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2018.06.051}, doi = {10.1016/j.ces.2018.06.051}, issn = {00092509}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Chemical Engineering Science}, volume = {191}, pages = {100–114}, publisher = {The Authors}, abstract = {In this work, a 1D model of an entrained-flow carbonator of a Calcium looping process for cement plants is presented and the results of a sensitivity analysis on the main governing process parameters is discussed. Several design and operating parameters have been investigated through a wide sensitivity analysis, namely: adiabatic vs. cooled reactor, high gas velocity gooseneck reactor vs. low velocity downflow reactor, solid-to-gas ratio, sorbent capacity, reactor inlet temperature and solids recirculation. The effect of these design and process parameters on the CO2capture efficiency and on Calcium looping process heat consumption is assessed. The results of the calculations showed that with a proper combination of solid-to-gas ratio in the carbonator and sorbent carbonation capacity (e.g. ∼10 kg/Nm3and ∼20% respectively), carbonator CO2capture efficiencies of about 80% (i.e. total cement kiln CO2capture efficiencies higher than 90%) can be obtained in a gooseneck-type carbonator with a length compatible with industrial applications in cement kilns (∼120 to 140 m). Further experimental investigations on this reactor concept, especially about fluid-dynamic behavior and the chemical properties of raw meal as CO2sorbent, are needed to demonstrate the technical feasibility of the proposed process.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this work, a 1D model of an entrained-flow carbonator of a Calcium looping process for cement plants is presented and the results of a sensitivity analysis on the main governing process parameters is discussed. Several design and operating parameters have been investigated through a wide sensitivity analysis, namely: adiabatic vs. cooled reactor, high gas velocity gooseneck reactor vs. low velocity downflow reactor, solid-to-gas ratio, sorbent capacity, reactor inlet temperature and solids recirculation. The effect of these design and process parameters on the CO2capture efficiency and on Calcium looping process heat consumption is assessed. The results of the calculations showed that with a proper combination of solid-to-gas ratio in the carbonator and sorbent carbonation capacity (e.g. ∼10 kg/Nm3and ∼20% respectively), carbonator CO2capture efficiencies of about 80% (i.e. total cement kiln CO2capture efficiencies higher than 90%) can be obtained in a gooseneck-type carbonator with a length compatible with industrial applications in cement kilns (∼120 to 140 m). Further experimental investigations on this reactor concept, especially about fluid-dynamic behavior and the chemical properties of raw meal as CO2sorbent, are needed to demonstrate the technical feasibility of the proposed process.
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De Lena, E; Spinelli, M; Romano, M C CO2 capture in cement plants by “tail-End” Calcium Looping process Journal Article Energy Procedia, 148 , pp. 186–193, 2018, ISSN: 18766102. @article{DeLena2018,
title = {CO2 capture in cement plants by “tail-End” Calcium Looping process}, author = {E {De Lena} and M Spinelli and M C Romano}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.08.049}, doi = {10.1016/j.egypro.2018.08.049}, issn = {18766102}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Energy Procedia}, volume = {148}, pages = {186–193}, publisher = {Elsevier B.V.}, abstract = {In this work the integration of the Calcium-Looping (CaL) process, used as a post-combustion CO2 capture system, into a cement kiln was analyzed by means of process simulations. The results show that capture efficiencies of about 90% can be achieved with operating conditions of CaL reactors similar to those for power generation applications. The integration of the CaL process increases the fuel consumption of the cement kiln, but the additional primary energy introduced for sustaining this CO2 capture process can be efficiently exploited for raising HP steam and producing electricity in a Rankine cycle.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this work the integration of the Calcium-Looping (CaL) process, used as a post-combustion CO2 capture system, into a cement kiln was analyzed by means of process simulations. The results show that capture efficiencies of about 90% can be achieved with operating conditions of CaL reactors similar to those for power generation applications. The integration of the CaL process increases the fuel consumption of the cement kiln, but the additional primary energy introduced for sustaining this CO2 capture process can be efficiently exploited for raising HP steam and producing electricity in a Rankine cycle.
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Spallina, Vincenzo; Nocerino, Pasquale; Romano, Matteo C; van Sint Annaland, Martin ; Campanari, Stefano; Gallucci, Fausto Integration of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and chemical looping combustion (CLC) for ultra-high efficiency power generation and CO2 production Journal Article International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 71 (January), pp. 9–19, 2018, ISSN: 17505836. @article{Spallina2018,
title = {Integration of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and chemical looping combustion (CLC) for ultra-high efficiency power generation and CO2 production}, author = {Vincenzo Spallina and Pasquale Nocerino and Matteo C Romano and Martin {van Sint Annaland} and Stefano Campanari and Fausto Gallucci}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.02.005}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.02.005}, issn = {17505836}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control}, volume = {71}, number = {January}, pages = {9–19}, publisher = {Elsevier}, abstract = {This work presents a thermodynamic analysis of the integration of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with chemical looping combustion (CLC) in natural gas power plants. The fundamental idea of the proposed process integration is to use a dual fluidized-bed CLC process to complete the oxidation of the H2-CO-rich anode exhausts from the SOFC in the CLC fuel reactor while preheating the air stream to the cathode inlet temperature in the CLC air reactor. Thus, fuel oxidation can be completed in N2-free environment without the high energy and economic costs associated to O2 production, avoiding at the same time the high temperature and high cost heat exchanger needed in conventional SOFC plants for air preheating. In the proposed configurations, the CLC plant is operated at mild conditions (atmospheric pressure and temperature in the range of 700–800 °C), already demonstrated in several pilot plants. Two different scenarios have been investigated: in the first one, the SOFC is designed for large-scale power generation (100 MWLHV of heat input), featuring a heat recovery steam cycle and CO2 capture for subsequent storage. In the second scenario, the system is designed for a small-scale plant, producing 145 kg/h of pure CO2 for industrial utilization, as a possible early market application. The main parameters affecting the plant performance, i.e. SOFC voltage (V) and S/C ratio at SOFC inlet, have been varied in a sensitivity analysis. Three different materials (Ni, Fe and Cu-based) are also compared as oxygen carriers (OCs) in the CLC unit. The integrated plant shows very high electric efficiency, exceeding 66%LHV at both small and large scale with a carbon capture ratio (CCR) of nearly 100%. It was found that, except for the cell voltage, the other operating parameters do not affect significantly the efficiency of the plant. Compared to the benchmark SOFC-based hybrid cycles using conventional CO2 capture technologies, the SOFC-CLC power plant showed an electric efficiency ∼2 percentage points higher, without requiring high temperature heat exchangers and with a simplified process configuration.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This work presents a thermodynamic analysis of the integration of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with chemical looping combustion (CLC) in natural gas power plants. The fundamental idea of the proposed process integration is to use a dual fluidized-bed CLC process to complete the oxidation of the H2-CO-rich anode exhausts from the SOFC in the CLC fuel reactor while preheating the air stream to the cathode inlet temperature in the CLC air reactor. Thus, fuel oxidation can be completed in N2-free environment without the high energy and economic costs associated to O2 production, avoiding at the same time the high temperature and high cost heat exchanger needed in conventional SOFC plants for air preheating. In the proposed configurations, the CLC plant is operated at mild conditions (atmospheric pressure and temperature in the range of 700–800 °C), already demonstrated in several pilot plants. Two different scenarios have been investigated: in the first one, the SOFC is designed for large-scale power generation (100 MWLHV of heat input), featuring a heat recovery steam cycle and CO2 capture for subsequent storage. In the second scenario, the system is designed for a small-scale plant, producing 145 kg/h of pure CO2 for industrial utilization, as a possible early market application. The main parameters affecting the plant performance, i.e. SOFC voltage (V) and S/C ratio at SOFC inlet, have been varied in a sensitivity analysis. Three different materials (Ni, Fe and Cu-based) are also compared as oxygen carriers (OCs) in the CLC unit. The integrated plant shows very high electric efficiency, exceeding 66%LHV at both small and large scale with a carbon capture ratio (CCR) of nearly 100%. It was found that, except for the cell voltage, the other operating parameters do not affect significantly the efficiency of the plant. Compared to the benchmark SOFC-based hybrid cycles using conventional CO2 capture technologies, the SOFC-CLC power plant showed an electric efficiency ∼2 percentage points higher, without requiring high temperature heat exchangers and with a simplified process configuration.
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Lillia, S; Bonalumi, D; Grande, C; Manzolini, G A comprehensive modeling of the hybrid temperature electric swing adsorption process for CO2 capture Journal Article International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 74 , pp. 155–173, 2018. @article{Lillia2018,
title = {A comprehensive modeling of the hybrid temperature electric swing adsorption process for CO2 capture}, author = {S Lillia and D Bonalumi and C Grande and G Manzolini}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85046651017&doi=10.1016%2Fj.ijggc.2018.04.012&partnerID=40&md5=03213886bba4282c317a5f9191f54b10}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.04.012}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control}, volume = {74}, pages = {155–173}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
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Van Dijk, H A J; Cobden, P D; Lukashuk, L; Van De Water, L; Lundqvist, M; Manzolini, G; Cormos, C -C; Van Dijk, C; Mancuso, L; Johns, J; Bellqvist, D Stepwise project: Sorption-enhanced water-gas shift technology to reduce carbon footprint in the iron and steel industry Journal Article Johnson Matthey Technology Review, 62 (4), pp. 395–402, 2018. @article{VanDijk2018,
title = {Stepwise project: Sorption-enhanced water-gas shift technology to reduce carbon footprint in the iron and steel industry}, author = {H A J {Van Dijk} and P D Cobden and L Lukashuk and L {Van De Water} and M Lundqvist and G Manzolini and C -C Cormos and C {Van Dijk} and L Mancuso and J Johns and D Bellqvist}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85053271080&doi=10.1595%2F205651318X15268923666410&partnerID=40&md5=ad0d06d18715e25ca68afa8e126fc54a}, doi = {10.1595/205651318X15268923666410}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Johnson Matthey Technology Review}, volume = {62}, number = {4}, pages = {395–402}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |